Isotropic
uniformity in all orientations
iso=equal
tropos=direction
Isotropic radiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement
An isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle oriented
exhibiting properties (as velocity of light transmission) with the same values when measured along axes in all directions.
For many poly-crystalline materials the grain orientations are random before any working/deformation, therefore even if the individual grains are an anisotropic. the property differences tend to average out and, overall, the material is isotropic
When a material is formed, the grains are usually distorted and elongated in one or more directions which makes the material anisotropic.
Anisotropic - when the properties of a material vary with different crystallographic orientations.
Directionally dependent
A difference when measured along different axes, in a material's physical or mechanical properties (absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, tensile strength, etc.)
Example of anisotropy-light coming through a polarizer
example of anisotropy material-wood, easier to split along its grain than against it.
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